{“main-title”:{“component”:”hc_title”,”id”:”main-title”,”title”:””,”subtitle”:””,”title_content”:{“component”:”hc_title_empty”,”id”:”title-empty”}},”section_QvNqz”:{“component”:”hc_section”,”id”:”section_QvNqz”,”section_width”:””,”animation”:””,”animation_time”:””,”timeline_animation”:””,”timeline_delay”:””,”timeline_order”:””,”vertical_row”:””,”css_classes”:”section-color no-padding-bottom no-padding-top “,”custom_css_classes”:”containerblog”,”custom_css_styles”:””,”section_content”:[{“component”:”hc_column”,”id”:”P1FCZ”,”column_width”:”col-md-12″,”animation”:””,”animation_time”:””,”timeline_animation”:””,”timeline_delay”:””,”timeline_order”:””,”css_classes”:”boxed-area align-items-center “,”custom_css_classes”:””,”custom_css_styles”:””,”main_content”:[{“component”:”hc_title_tag”,”id”:”5ZtkF”,”css_classes”:””,”custom_css_classes”:””,”custom_css_styles”:””,”text”:”Almanya\u2019da Bankac\u0131l\u0131k”,”tag”:”h1″},{“component”:”hc_image_box”,”id”:”P92Nk”,”css_classes”:””,”custom_css_classes”:””,”custom_css_styles”:””,”image”:”https:\/\/www.cigdemguven.com\/medias\/2023\/04\/cigdem-guven-almanyada-bankacilik-1024×714.jpg|753|1080|3085″,”link_type”:”lightbox”,”lightbox_animation”:””,”caption”:”Almanya\u2019da Bankac\u0131l\u0131k”,”inner_caption”:false,”new_window”:false,”link”:”https:\/\/www.cigdemguven.com\/medias\/2023\/04\/cigdem-guven-almanyada-bankacilik-1024×714.jpg”,”link_content”:[],”lightbox_size”:””,”scrollbox”:false,”icon”:””,”image_animation”:””,”icon_animation”:””,”thumb_size”:”full”,”icon_hidden”:true,”caption_img_box”:””,”alt”:””}]}],”section_settings”:””},”section_aSGAU”:{“component”:”hc_section”,”id”:”section_aSGAU”,”section_width”:””,”animation”:””,”animation_time”:””,”timeline_animation”:””,”timeline_delay”:””,”timeline_order”:””,”vertical_row”:””,”css_classes”:”no-padding-bottom no-padding-top “,”custom_css_classes”:”blogtext”,”custom_css_styles”:””,”section_content”:[{“component”:”hc_column”,”id”:”column_0qrhK”,”column_width”:”col-md-12″,”animation”:””,”animation_time”:””,”timeline_animation”:””,”timeline_delay”:””,”timeline_order”:””,”css_classes”:””,”custom_css_classes”:””,”custom_css_styles”:””,”main_content”:[{“component”:”hc_wp_editor”,”id”:”gE6EW”,”css_classes”:””,”custom_css_classes”:””,”custom_css_styles”:””,”editor_content”:”Almanya, 2002 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana Eurozone \u00fcyesi olup 19 AB \u00fcyesinin para birimi olan Euro’yu kullanmaktad\u0131r. \u00dclkede, \u00f6zel ticari bankalar, kamu sekt\u00f6r\u00fc bankalar\u0131 ve kooperatif bankalar\u0131 olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 t\u00fcr banka mevcuttur. Ayr\u0131ca, online bankalar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 artmaktad\u0131r. Deutsche Bundesbank, \u00fclkenin merkez bankas\u0131d\u0131r ve Alman bankac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fczenleyen otorite The Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (BaFin) taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flanmaktad\u0131r. Almanya’da \u00f6zel ticari bankalar en b\u00fcy\u00fck varl\u0131k pay\u0131na sahiptir ve ihracat ekonomisinde \u00f6nemli bir rol oynamaktad\u0131rlar.\\n\\n\u00d6zel ticari bankalar, sekt\u00f6rde en b\u00fcy\u00fck varl\u0131k pay\u0131na sahip olan bankalar aras\u0131ndad\u0131r ve varl\u0131klar\u0131n %40’\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015ftururlar. Bu bankalar aras\u0131nda rekabet oran\u0131 olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksektir ve kendi aralar\u0131nda da rekabet halindedirler. Almanya’da ihracat ekonomisinde \u00f6nemli bir rol oynamaktad\u0131rlar ve uluslararas\u0131 ticaretin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc finanse ederler. Avrupa Bankac\u0131l\u0131k Federasyonu’nun Aral\u0131k 2022 raporuna g\u00f6re, Almanya’n\u0131n ihracat\u0131n\u0131n %88’ini olu\u015ftururlar ve Alman d\u0131\u015f a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n neredeyse d\u00f6rtte \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fc kontrol ederler. Deutsche Bank, bu kategorideki bankalar aras\u0131nda en b\u00fcy\u00fck olan\u0131d\u0131r ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck 11. bankas\u0131d\u0131r. Almanya’daki en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fc\u00e7 banka s\u0131ras\u0131yla Deutsche Bank, Commerzbank ve KfW’dir. Ancak, bu kategorideki bankalar perakende bankac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde o kadar etkili de\u011fildirler ve en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fc\u00e7 \u00f6zel ticari banka perakende bankac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn sadece %15’ini kontrol eder.\\n\\nAlmanya’da kamu bankalar\u0131, tasarruf bankalar\u0131 (Sparkassen), Landesbanken ve DekaBank’tan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. DekaBank, Tasarruf Bankalar\u0131 Finans Grubu’nun varl\u0131k y\u00f6neticisi olarak faaliyet g\u00f6stermektedir. Kamu bankalar\u0131 toplam bankac\u0131l\u0131k varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n %25’ini olu\u015fturur ve Almanya’da 371 tasarruf bankas\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Tasarruf bankalar\u0131 genellikle garant\u00f6rleri veya sahipleri ve yerel y\u00f6netimlerle birlikte kamu hukuku \u015firketleri olarak \u00f6rg\u00fctlenirler ve etkili olduklar\u0131 alanlar genellikle yerel y\u00f6netimin etkili oldu\u011fu alanlarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. Tasarruf bankalar\u0131n\u0131n birbirleriyle rekabeti yoktur. Landesbanken asl\u0131nda tasarruf bankalar\u0131 i\u00e7in bir merkez bankas\u0131 olarak kurulmu\u015ftur, ancak son y\u0131llarda toptan finansman, yat\u0131r\u0131m bankac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve uluslararas\u0131 ticari faaliyetlere daha fazla dahil olmu\u015flard\u0131r ve ticari bankalara rakip olmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Almanya’da 6 Landesbanken federal eyaletlere ve tasarruf bankalar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6lgesel birliklerine aittir.\\n\\nAlmanya’da kooperatif sekt\u00f6r\u00fc, 773 kooperatif bankas\u0131 (Volks- und Raiffeisenbanken) ve DZ Bank AG adl\u0131 merkezi bir kooperatif bankas\u0131ndan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Kooperatif bankalar\u0131, banka kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n %53’\u00fcn\u00fc ve banka varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n %12’sini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Bu bankalar genellikle, kendi \u00fcyelerine ait olan mevduat sahipleri ve bor\u00e7lular taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilmektedir. Yasal olarak, bu t\u00fcr bankalar m\u00fc\u015fterilerinin yar\u0131s\u0131 olan \u00fcyelerini destekleme yetkisine sahiptirler. Ayr\u0131ca, halka da bankac\u0131l\u0131k hizmetleri sunarlar. Kooperatif bankalar\u0131, tasarruf bankalar\u0131 gibi b\u00f6lgeseldir ve b\u00f6lgesel prensiplere g\u00f6re hareket ederler.\\n\\nKooperatif ve kamu bankalar\u0131, \u00f6zel ticari bankalara g\u00f6re daha g\u00fcvenilir ve daha az riskli olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedirler. Baz\u0131 kooperatif bankalar\u0131, d\u0131\u015fa d\u00f6n\u00fck stratejiler izlemeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Her iki t\u00fcr banka da, yerel topluluklara uluslararas\u0131 ziyaret\u00e7ilerden daha \u00e7ok hitap etmektedirler.\\n\\nAlman bankalar\u0131, di\u011fer Avrupa \u00fclkeleri gibi geni\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7ekli finansal hizmetler sunarlar. Bu hizmetler aras\u0131nda, cari i\u015flemler hesab\u0131, krediler ve kredili mevduat hesaplar\u0131, mortgages, sigorta, yat\u0131r\u0131m ve tasarruf hesaplar\u0131, dijital ve online bankac\u0131l\u0131k, i\u015f bankac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yabanc\u0131lar i\u00e7in hizmetler bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015f bankac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, Almanya’da i\u015f yapan start-up \u015firketleri, kurulan KOB\u0130’ler, \u00e7ok uluslu ya da bireysel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar i\u00e7in Alman bankalar\u0131n\u0131n sundu\u011fu finansal hizmetler b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. Alman bankalar\u0131, Almanya’da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan yabanc\u0131lar i\u00e7in de \u00f6zel hizmetler sunmaktad\u0131r ve bu hizmetler aras\u0131nda ucuz uluslararas\u0131 para transferi gibi se\u00e7enekler de\\nbulunmaktad\u0131r.\\n\\nAlmanya, Avrupa’da en fazla T\u00fcrk n\u00fcfusunun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkedir. Alman Federal \u0130statistik Dairesi’nin 2022 verilerine g\u00f6re, 1 milyon 458 bin 360 T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 Almanya’da ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Bu rakam, Alman vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ge\u00e7en T\u00fcrklerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7ermemektedir. Bu y\u00fcksek n\u00fcfus say\u0131s\u0131, T\u00fcrk bankac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 faaliyetlerini Almanya’da daha aktif hale getirmektedir. Almanya’da ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrklerin T\u00fcrk bankalar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131, baz\u0131 avantajlara sahiptir. Bunlar aras\u0131nda:\\n<\/p>\n
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\\n\\nAlmanya’da aktif olarak faaliyet g\u00f6steren baz\u0131 T\u00fcrk bankalar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:\\n\\n\u00bb \u0130\u015fbank AG<\/strong>\\n\u0130\u015f Bankas\u0131, yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkelerde \u015fube a\u00e7an ilk T\u00fcrk bankas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130lk \u015fubesini 1932 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hamburg’da a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ancak 2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 nedeniyle bu \u015fube kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha sonra, 1976 y\u0131l\u0131nda Frankfurt’ta tekrar faaliyetlerine ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\\n\\n\u00bb Ziraat International Bankas\u0131 AG<\/strong>\\nZiraat Bankas\u0131 AG, 250 milyon dolarl\u0131k \u00f6zkayna\u011f\u0131yla Almanya’n\u0131n ve Avrupa Birli\u011fi’nin en b\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrk sermayeli \u00f6zel bankas\u0131d\u0131r. Almanya’daki ilk temsilcili\u011fini\\n1964 y\u0131l\u0131nda a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve 1988 y\u0131l\u0131nda Frankfurt’ta ilk \u015fubesini kurmu\u015ftur.\\n\\n\u00bb DenizBank AG<\/strong>\\nDenizBank ilk olarak 1996 y\u0131l\u0131nda Avusturya’da \u015fubesini a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eu anda Avusturya ve Almanya’da etkin bir \u015fube a\u011f\u0131 ve 400 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fana sahiptir.\\n\\n\u00bb GarantiBank International NV<\/strong>\\nGarantiBank, ilk \u015fubesini 1990 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hollanda’da a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Almanya’daki ilk \u015fubesini ise 1999 y\u0131l\u0131nda faaliyete ge\u00e7irmi\u015ftir.\\n\\n\u00bb Akbank AG<\/strong>\\nAkbank, 1998 y\u0131l\u0131nda Almanya’n\u0131n Frankfurt \u015fehrinde faaliyetlerine ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, banka Alman Bankalar Birli\u011fi’nin Mevduat Koruma Fonu Einlagensicherungsfonds des Bundesverband Deutscher Banken’in g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc \u00fcyesidir.\\n\\n\u00bb KuveytT\u00fcrk- KT Bank AG<\/strong>\\nKT Bank AG, Almanya ve Euro B\u00f6lgesi’nde 2004 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri kat\u0131l\u0131m bankac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilkelerine g\u00f6re hizmet sunan ilk bankad\u0131r. Bankan\u0131n merkezi Frankfurt\/Almanya’dad\u0131r.\\n\\n\u00bb Credit Europe Bank<\/strong>\\nT\u00fcrkiye k\u00f6kenli bir bankad\u0131r. Credit Europe Bank’\u0131n merkezi Amsterdam’da bulunmakla birlikte, bankan\u0131n k\u00f6kenleri T\u00fcrkiye’ye dayanmaktad\u0131r. Banka, 1994 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye’de kurulmu\u015f ve 2006 y\u0131l\u0131nda ismi Credit Europe Bank olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Credit Europe Bank’\u0131n Almanya’da da bir\u00e7ok \u015fubesi bulunmaktad\u0131r ve Almanya’da da bankac\u0131l\u0131k hizmetleri sunmaktad\u0131r. Credit Europe Bank, Almanya’da kredi kart\u0131, mevduat hesab\u0131, yat\u0131r\u0131m hesab\u0131, \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i bankac\u0131l\u0131k, uluslararas\u0131 para transferi, t\u00fcketici kredileri ve di\u011fer finansal hizmetler sunmaktad\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, Credit Europe Bank’\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye’deki operasyonlar\u0131 Credit Europe Bank A.\u015e. ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir.\\n\\nAlmanya\u2019daki bankalar \u00fc\u00e7 ayr\u0131 gruba ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Bunlar \u00f6zel bankalar, kamuya ait tasarruf bankalar\u0131 (Landesbanks) ve \u00fcyelerin sahip oldu\u011fu kredi birlikleri. Alman bankac\u0131l\u0131k sistemi, 200 \u00f6zel banka, 400 kamu bankas\u0131 ve 1100 adet \u00fcyeye ait kredi birli\u011fi d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere yakla\u015f\u0131k 1.800 bankadan olu\u015fuyor. Ayr\u0131ca, Almanya’da merkezi yerle\u015fik olmayan ancak Almanya’da faaliyet g\u00f6steren bir\u00e7ok yabanc\u0131 banka ve finansal kurulu\u015f da bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle Almanya, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck bankac\u0131l\u0131k merkezlerinden biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. \\n\\nT\u00fcrkiye’de Alman bankac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, hem temsilcilikleri hem de \u015fubeleriyle varl\u0131k g\u00f6stermektedir. T\u00fcrkiye’de temsilcili\u011fi bulunan Alman bankalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Aareal Bank A.G., Commerzbank A.G., DEG-Deutsche Investitions-und Entwicklungsgesellschaft MBH, DZ Bank A.G., KFW (Kreditanstalt F\u00fcr Wiederaufbau) ve Landesbank Baden W\u00fcrttemberg yer almaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye’de \u015fubesi olan tek Alman bankas\u0131 ise 1987 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulan Deutsche Bank’t\u0131r ve bu banka sadece kurumsal bankac\u0131l\u0131k hizmeti sunmaktad\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Hypovereinsbank T\u00fcrkiye’de temsilcili\u011fi ya da \u015fubesi bulunmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Yap\u0131 Kredi Bankas\u0131 ile i\u015f birli\u011fi yapmaktad\u0131r. \\n\\nKonsolidasyon, Alman ekonomisinin \u00f6l\u00e7eklenmesinde \u00f6nemli bir rol oynamaktad\u0131r. Tasarruf bankalar\u0131 ve kooperatif bankalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan konsolidasyonun en yayg\u0131n nedenlerinden biri strestir. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck faiz ortam\u0131 ve son y\u0131llarda bankalar\u0131n sermaye ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131ran bankac\u0131l\u0131k d\u00fczenlemeleri gibi fakt\u00f6rler nedeniyle \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki y\u0131llarda daha fazla konsolidasyon bask\u0131s\u0131 olabilir. Alman bankalar\u0131, \u00f6zellikle kurumsal finansman\u0131n etkilenebilece inden ve bankalar\u0131n kredi verme kapasitesinin k\u0131s\u0131tlanabilece\u011finden endi\u015fe etmektedir. Ancak, Avrupa Bankalar Birli\u011fi (EBF) verilerine g\u00f6re, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck faiz oranlar\u0131 ve elveri\u015fli finansman ko\u015fullar\u0131 e\u015fli\u011finde \u015firketlere ve serbest meslek sahiplerine verilen krediler 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131la g\u00f6re %4,3 oran\u0131nda artarak 974 milyar Euro’ya ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Almanya’daki Enerji Ge\u00e7i\u015fi ve yeni AB Eylem Plan\u0131 ‘S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir B\u00fcy\u00fcmenin Finanse Edilmesi’ nedeniyle, bankalar son y\u0131llarda s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir finansman\u0131 te\u015fvik etmek i\u00e7in bir\u00e7ok giri\u015fim ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\\n\\nAvrupa Merkez Bankas\u0131 (ECB), Almanya’da negatif faiz oran\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fck sat\u0131n alma programlar\u0131 ile yat\u0131r\u0131m ve uzun vadeli kredi talebini art\u0131rmay\u0131 hedeflemektedir. ECB, t\u00fcm getiri e\u011frisi boyunca oranlar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrerek bu amac\u0131na ula\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Ancak, bankalar m\u00fc\u015fterilere negatif oranlar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde aktaramad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in, negatif ECB oranlar\u0131 banka karl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmektedir. Bu durum uzun vadede bankalar\u0131n kredi verme kapasitelerini de zay\u0131flatmaktad\u0131r. ECB’nin devasa sat\u0131n alma programlar\u0131, bankac\u0131l\u0131k sisteminde a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 likiditenin keskin bir \u015fekilde artmas\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r.\\n\\nSonu\u00e7 olarak, Almanya’n\u0131n finansal sistemine ili\u015fkin birka\u00e7 \u00f6nemli nokta \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Almanya, iyi geli\u015fmi\u015f bir finansal hizmetler altyap\u0131s\u0131na sahip bir \u00fclke olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor ve sermaye piyasalar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra banka kredileri de hizmet vermektedir. Banka kredileri, \u00f6zellikle Mittelstand olarak bilinen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve orta \u00f6l\u00e7ekli firmalar i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir finansman kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck faiz oranlar\u0131 ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 likidite gibi fakt\u00f6rler, bankalar\u0131n karl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmakta ve uzun vadede kredi verme kapasitelerini de zay\u0131flatmaktad\u0131r. Bankalar\u0131n bu zorlu ko\u015fullarla ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in konsolidasyon gibi \u00f6nlemler almas\u0131 ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir finansman\u0131 te\u015fvik etmek i\u00e7in giri\u015fimlerde bulunmas\u0131 beklenmektedir.”}]},{“component”:”hc_column”,”id”:”column_7aIP1″,”column_width”:”col-md-12″,”animation”:””,”animation_time”:””,”timeline_animation”:””,”timeline_delay”:””,”timeline_order”:””,”css_classes”:””,”custom_css_classes”:”socialbox”,”custom_css_styles”:””,”main_content”:[{“component”:”hc_space”,”id”:”Hdg76″,”css_classes”:””,”custom_css_classes”:””,”custom_css_styles”:””,”size”:”space-sm”,”height”:””},{“component”:”hc_text_block”,”id”:”zmr0F”,”css_classes”:””,”custom_css_classes”:””,”custom_css_styles”:””,”content”:”Payla\u015f:”},{“component”:”hc_social_share_buttons”,”id”:”P7L30″,”css_classes”:””,”custom_css_classes”:””,”custom_css_styles”:””,”style”:”icon-links-button”,”size”:””,”alignment”:””,”type”:””,”social_colors”:true,”fb”:true,”fb_link”:””,”tw”:true,”tw_link”:””,”pi”:true,”pi_link”:””,”li”:true,”li_link”:””}]}],”section_settings”:””},”section_dDpN7″:{“component”:”hc_section”,”id”:”section_dDpN7″,”section_width”:””,”animation”:””,”animation_time”:””,”timeline_animation”:””,”timeline_delay”:””,”timeline_order”:””,”vertical_row”:””,”css_classes”:”section-color “,”custom_css_classes”:””,”custom_css_styles”:””,”section_content”:[{“component”:”hc_column”,”id”:”XLZ44″,”column_width”:”col-md-12″,”animation”:””,”animation_time”:””,”timeline_animation”:””,”timeline_delay”:””,”timeline_order”:””,”css_classes”:””,”custom_css_classes”:””,”custom_css_styles”:””,”main_content”:[{“component”:”hc_title_tag”,”id”:”4AoyD”,”css_classes”:””,”custom_css_classes”:””,”custom_css_styles”:””,”text”:”Son Yaz\u0131lar”,”tag”:”h2″},{“component”:”hc_space”,”id”:”TsAHd”,”css_classes”:””,”custom_css_classes”:””,”custom_css_styles”:””,”size”:”space”,”height”:””},{“component”:”hc_pt_grid_list”,”id”:”J9IEW”,”css_classes”:””,”custom_css_classes”:””,”custom_css_styles”:””,”post_type_slug”:”post”,”post_type_category”:”yazilar”,”column”:”2″,”column_lg”:”2″,”column_md”:”2″,”column_sm”:”1″,”column_xs”:”1″,”margins”:””,”pag_type”:”load_more”,”pag_items”:”2″,”pag_size”:””,”pag_animation”:”fade-top”,”pag_scroll_top”:false,”pag_position”:”align-center”,”pag_button_prev”:””,”pag_button_next”:””,”lm_lazy”:false,”lm_button_text”:”Daha Fazla”,”box”:”blog_top”,”boxed”:true,”extra”:false,”content”:””,”title_length”:”36″,”excerpt_length”:”75″,”title_size”:”text-md”,”custom_css”:””,”button_text”:””,”button_style”:”square”,”button_dimensions”:”btn-lg”,”button_animation”:false,”button_icon”:””}]}],”section_settings”:””},”scripts”:{“lightbox”:”magnific-popup.min.js”,”pagination”:”pagination.min.js”},”css”:{“lightbox”:”css\/magnific-popup.css”,”content_box”:”css\/content-box.css”,”media_box”:”css\/media-box.css”},”css_page”:””,”template_setting”:{},”template_setting_top”:{},”page_setting”:{“settings”:[“lock-mode-off”]},”post_type_setting”:{“settings”:{“image”:”https:\/\/www.cigdemguven.com\/medias\/2023\/04\/cigdem-guven-almanyada-bankacilik-1024×714.jpg|753|1080|3085″,”excerpt”:”Almanya\u2019da bankac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde en b\u00fcy\u00fck varl\u0131k pay\u0131na sahip olan bankalard\u0131r. Varl\u0131klar\u0131n %40\u2019\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131rlar. Bankalar aras\u0131 rekabet oran\u0131 olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksektir. Ba\u015fka banka gruplar\u0131yla oldu\u011fu gibi kendi aralar\u0131nda da rekabet halindedirler. Bu bankalar Almaya i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemlidir. \u0130hracat ekonomisinde \u00f6nemli bir role sahiptirler.”,”extra_1″:”Yaz\u0131”,”extra_2″:””,”icon”:{“icon”:””,”icon_style”:””,”icon_image”:””}}}}<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Almanya\u2019da bankac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde en b\u00fcy\u00fck varl\u0131k pay\u0131na sahip olan bankalard\u0131r. Varl\u0131klar\u0131n %40\u2019\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131rlar. Bankalar aras\u0131 rekabet oran\u0131 olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksektir. Ba\u015fka banka gruplar\u0131yla oldu\u011fu gibi kendi aralar\u0131nda da rekabet halindedirler. Bu bankalar Almaya i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemlidir. \u0130hracat ekonomisinde \u00f6nemli bir role sahiptirler.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3085,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12,19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3084","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel","category-yazilar"],"yoast_head":"\n