{“main-title”:{“component”:”hc_title”,”id”:”main-title”,”title”:””,”subtitle”:””,”title_content”:{“component”:”hc_title_empty”,”id”:”title-empty”}},”section_QvNqz”:{“component”:”hc_section”,”id”:”section_QvNqz”,”section_width”:””,”animation”:””,”animation_time”:””,”timeline_animation”:””,”timeline_delay”:””,”timeline_order”:””,”vertical_row”:””,”css_classes”:”section-color no-padding-bottom no-padding-top “,”custom_css_classes”:”containerblog”,”custom_css_styles”:””,”section_content”:[{“component”:”hc_column”,”id”:”P1FCZ”,”column_width”:”col-md-12″,”animation”:””,”animation_time”:””,”timeline_animation”:””,”timeline_delay”:””,”timeline_order”:””,”css_classes”:”boxed-area align-items-center “,”custom_css_classes”:””,”custom_css_styles”:””,”main_content”:[{“component”:”hc_title_tag”,”id”:”5ZtkF”,”css_classes”:””,”custom_css_classes”:””,”custom_css_styles”:””,”text”:”Finansal Okuryazarl\u0131k”,”tag”:”h1″},{“component”:”hc_image_box”,”id”:”P92Nk”,”css_classes”:””,”custom_css_classes”:””,”custom_css_styles”:””,”image”:”https:\/\/www.cigdemguven.com\/medias\/2021\/07\/cigdem-guven_financia-literacy-1024×714.jpg|753|1080|523″,”link_type”:”lightbox”,”lightbox_animation”:””,”caption”:”Finansal Okuryazarl\u0131k”,”inner_caption”:false,”new_window”:false,”link”:”https:\/\/www.cigdemguven.com\/medias\/2021\/07\/cigdem-guven_financia-literacy-1024×714.jpg”,”link_content”:[],”lightbox_size”:””,”scrollbox”:false,”icon”:””,”image_animation”:””,”icon_animation”:””,”thumb_size”:”full”,”icon_hidden”:true,”caption_img_box”:””,”alt”:””}]}],”section_settings”:””},”section_aSGAU”:{“component”:”hc_section”,”id”:”section_aSGAU”,”section_width”:””,”animation”:””,”animation_time”:””,”timeline_animation”:””,”timeline_delay”:””,”timeline_order”:””,”vertical_row”:””,”css_classes”:”no-padding-bottom no-padding-top “,”custom_css_classes”:”blogtext”,”custom_css_styles”:””,”section_content”:[{“component”:”hc_column”,”id”:”column_0qrhK”,”column_width”:”col-md-12″,”animation”:””,”animation_time”:””,”timeline_animation”:””,”timeline_delay”:””,”timeline_order”:””,”css_classes”:””,”custom_css_classes”:””,”custom_css_styles”:””,”main_content”:[{“component”:”hc_wp_editor”,”id”:”gE6EW”,”css_classes”:””,”custom_css_classes”:””,”custom_css_styles”:””,”editor_content”:”Para ve ekonomi kelimeleri her bireyin hayat\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck yeri olan iki \u00f6nemli kavramd\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla sadece finans ile ilgilenenlerin de\u011fil herkesin finansal hayat\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in ve finansal \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in finansal okuryazarl\u0131k konusunda bilgi sahibi olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Finansal okuryazarl\u0131k kavram\u0131 hayat\u0131m\u0131za ilk kez 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda girmi\u015ftir ve \u015fu anda hem ki\u015filer hem de \u00fclkeler i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu kavram\u0131n bu kadar \u00f6nemli olmas\u0131n\u0131n ana nedeni art\u0131k \u00fclkelerin ekonomilerini y\u00f6netmesi ne kadar \u00f6nemliyse bireylerin de kendi ekonomilerini y\u00f6netmesinin o kadar \u00f6nemli olmas\u0131d\u0131r.\\n\\nFinansal okuryazarl\u0131k kavram\u0131 bireylerin ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan farkl\u0131 finansal durumlar hakk\u0131nda do\u011fru karar verebilmelerini sa\u011flayan bilgi ve beceriler b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 (World Bank) ve Ekonomik Kalk\u0131nma ve \u0130\u015f Birli\u011fi \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (OECD) bu konuda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapmaktad\u0131r. OECD\u2019nin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara g\u00f6re d\u00fcnyadaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck gelirli bireylerin \u00e7o\u011fu gelecek streslerini bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6rmezden geliyorlar. 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ve 26 \u00fclkenin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi (ABD ve Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k bu ankete kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.) ankete g\u00f6re sadece Hong Kong\u2019da ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun en az alt\u0131 ay yetecek kadar tasarruflar\u0131 oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Rusya, Romanya, Endonezya dahil 7 \u00fclkede ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun birikimlerinin onlara sadece iki hafta ya da daha az yetece\u011fi g\u00f6zlenmi\u015ftir. Bu durumun ana nedeni bireylerin finansal okuryazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Finansal okuryazarl\u0131k hem bireyin kendi gelirini ak\u0131ll\u0131ca finanse edebilmesi hem de do\u011fru yat\u0131r\u0131m ve tasarruflara karar verebilmesidir.\\n\\nBor\u00e7 kavram\u0131 maddi durum fark etmeksizin her birey i\u00e7in ortakt\u0131r. Toplumun her seviyesinden insan bankadan kredi \u00e7ekebilir ama herkesin bu borcu y\u00f6netme \u015fekli farkl\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bor\u00e7 sahiplerinin y\u00fczde 50\u2019si borcu bor\u00e7la kapat\u0131yor. \u0130stanbul Serbest Muhasebeci Mali M\u00fc\u015favirler Odas\u0131’n\u0131n 2013 y\u0131l\u0131 raporuna g\u00f6re ihtiya\u00e7 kredilerine ve kredi kartlar\u0131na artan talebin arkas\u0131ndaki en \u00f6nemli sebeplerden biri mevcut bor\u00e7lar\u0131 kapatma ihtiyac\u0131. 2013 Ocak-May\u0131s d\u00f6neminde yerli kredi kartlar\u0131ndan nakit \u00e7ekme tutar\u0131, 2008 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemine g\u00f6re y\u00fczde 105 artarak, 15 milyar 191 milyon liraya ula\u015ft\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye Bankalar Birli\u011finin 2020 y\u0131l\u0131 verilerine g\u00f6re haziran ay\u0131nda 24 milyon 269 bin ki\u015fi kredi kullanm\u0131\u015f, kredi miktar\u0131 ise yakla\u015f\u0131k 549 milyar TL olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Temmuz 2020 itibariyle bankalardan \u00e7ekilen kredi miktar\u0131 706 milyar TL\u2019ye ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f durumda. Bireysel kredi kartlar\u0131ndaki toplam bor\u00e7 miktar\u0131 ise 115 milyar TL. Yaln\u0131zca Nisan ay\u0131nda 920 bin ki\u015fi ilk defa ihtiya\u00e7 kredisi kullan\u0131rken, kredilerin gayri safi yurt i\u00e7i has\u0131laya (GSYH) oran\u0131 son 6 ayda y\u00fczde 38’den y\u00fczde 47’ye \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcm d\u00fcnya genelinde bireyler genellikle bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kapatmak i\u00e7in bor\u00e7 al\u0131yorlar. Ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 bor\u00e7 stresi bireylerin bor\u00e7 bariyerlerini daha da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Ono Akademik \u00dcniversitesinde yap\u0131lan \u201cWinning the Battle but Losing the War: The Psychology of Debt Management\u201d ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131na g\u00f6re insanlar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kapatmak i\u00e7in daha y\u00fcksek faizli krediler \u00e7ekerek i\u00e7inde bulunduklar\u0131 bor\u00e7luluk durumuna \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulduklar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorlar. Borcu bor\u00e7la kapatmak diye isimlendirebilece\u011fimiz bu k\u0131s\u0131r d\u00f6ng\u00fc sorunu ancak iyi bir finansal bilin\u00e7 yani finansal okuryazarl\u0131k fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclebilir.\\n\\nFinansal okuryazarl\u0131k genel hatlar\u0131yla 3 temel ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda incelenir. Birinci ba\u015fl\u0131k temel finansal bilgidir. Bireylerin temel finans kavramlar\u0131n\u0131 bilmesidir. Bu kavramlar\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131calar\u0131 tasarruf, b\u00fct\u00e7e, sigorta, yat\u0131r\u0131m, faiz, enflasyon, kredi, risk, varl\u0131k, getiri, vade ve bor\u00e7tur. \u0130kinci ba\u015fl\u0131k finansal tutum ya da finansal tav\u0131rd\u0131r. Bu kavram bireylerin paralar\u0131n\u0131 dikkatli kullanma ve t\u00fcketme, tasarruf yapma gibi konularda daha \u00f6nceki deneyimlerine g\u00f6re belirli bir finansal tutum sergilemeleri durumudur. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ba\u015fl\u0131k finansal davran\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kavram bireylerin kendi b\u00fct\u00e7e hesaplar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netebilmeleri, al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenlemeleri, birikim, tasarruf ve yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda ki\u015fisel bor\u00e7 ve kredilerini y\u00f6netebilmeleri ve k\u0131sa ya da uzun vadede bireylerin finansal hedefler belirlemeleri ve o s\u00fcreci do\u011fru y\u00f6netebilmeleri ile ilgilidir. Uzun vadede tasarruf sadece bireylerin kendi finansal durumlar\u0131na de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00fclke ekonomisine de katk\u0131 sa\u011flar; tasarruf hacmini art\u0131r\u0131r ve \u00fclkenin genel ekonomik refah\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.\\n\\nAyd\u0131n ilinde yap\u0131lan Adnan Menderes \u00dcniversitesi \u00d6\u011fr. G\u00f6r. Esma Durukal\u2019\u0131n 2018 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na g\u00f6re il genelinde dijitalle\u015fme oran\u0131 en y\u00fcksek \u00fc\u00e7 bankan\u0131n bireysel m\u00fc\u015fterileri incelendi\u011finde finansal okur yazarl\u0131k oran\u0131 en y\u00fcksek grup 40-49 ya\u015f aral\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki m\u00fc\u015fteriler, meslek gruplar\u0131 aras\u0131nda i\u015fyeri sahipleridir. \u0130kinci en y\u00fcksek grubu ise 20-29 ya\u015f aral\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki m\u00fc\u015fteriler ve \u00f6\u011frenciler olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.\\n\\nBireylerin oldu\u011fu kadar firmalar\u0131n y\u00f6netim kurullar\u0131ndaki y\u00f6neticilerinin de finansal okuryazarl\u0131k seviyesi olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemlidir. Bir \u00fclkenin finansal okuryazarl\u0131k seviyesi artt\u0131k\u00e7a kurumsal y\u00f6netim uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n kalitesi de artar. Bir \u015firket i\u00e7in finansal okuryazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6nemi en \u00fcst d\u00fczey idari organ olan y\u00f6netim kuruluyla ili\u015fkisinden dolay\u0131d\u0131r. Y\u00f6netim kurullar\u0131 \u015firketlerin stratejik finansal kararlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan en basit haliyle \u015firketin mali tablolar\u0131n\u0131n ve b\u00fct\u00e7esinin kontrol edilmesi ayn\u0131 zamanda \u015firketin stratejik hedeflerini tan\u0131mlayarak \u015firketin ihtiya\u00e7 duyaca\u011f\u0131 finansal kararlar\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 g\u00f6revlerine sahiptir. Dolays\u0131yla \u015firketler i\u00e7in de finansal okuryazarl\u0131k olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemlidir. \u00d6rne\u011fin SPK sadece borsa \u015firketleri i\u00e7in olsa da \u015firketlerin y\u00f6netim kurullar\u0131nda yer alacak ki\u015filer i\u00e7in belli bir d\u00fczeyde finansal okuryazarl\u0131k bilgisini zorunlu tutmu\u015ftur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u015firketlerin k\u0131sa ve uzun vadede s\u00f6z konusu hedeflerine ula\u015fabilmeleri i\u00e7in en az\u0131nda y\u00f6netim kurulu organ\u0131 \u00fcst y\u00f6neticilerinin ileri d\u00fczeyde finansal okuryazarl\u0131k bilgisine sahip olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Y\u00f6netim kurulu \u00fcyelerinin bu d\u00fczeyde bir bilgiye sahip olmas\u0131 gerekmesinin bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli nedeni de firmaya yat\u0131r\u0131m yapacak yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 ikna etmek ve onlara \u015firketin mali b\u00fcnyesine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak kar \u2013 zarar durumu, varl\u0131klar\u0131n yeterli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u015firket sermayesinin etkili kullan\u0131l\u0131p kullan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u015firketin nakit ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve planlanan b\u00fcy\u00fcme oranlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda do\u011fru ve net bilgiler verebilmektir.\\n\\nYukar\u0131da bahsedilen durum \u00fclkemizde ekonomide \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli yer tutan t\u00fcm ticari faaliyet g\u00f6steren firmalar i\u00e7inde ge\u00e7erlidir. Genel olarak t\u00fcm ticari faaliyet g\u00f6steren \u015firketler finansal okuryazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n verimlilik oran\u0131n\u0131 finansal dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k hizmeti ile tamamlayabilirler. Bu hizmetler \u015firketlerin verimlilik, karl\u0131l\u0131k ve stratejik b\u00fcy\u00fcme oran\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemlidir.\\n\\nSonu\u00e7 olarak \u00fclkemizde finansal okuryazarl\u0131k d\u00fczeyinin artmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131lmal\u0131 ve finansal okuryazarl\u0131k oran\u0131 hem bireylerin kendi b\u00fct\u00e7eleri ve tasarruflar\u0131 hem de firmalar i\u00e7in finansal a\u00e7\u0131dan stratejik kararlar al\u0131rken olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fundan dolay\u0131 artt\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u015eirketler y\u00f6netim kurullar\u0131na y\u00f6netici se\u00e7erken finansal okuryazarl\u0131k oran\u0131na dikkat ederlerse bu durum do\u011fal yoldan \u015firketin stratejik plan\u0131na ve d\u00f6nem performans\u0131na yans\u0131yacakt\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda \u015firketin kurumsal y\u00f6netim uygulamalar\u0131 uzun vadede daha iyi olacakt\u0131r. 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Para ve ekonomi kelimeleri her bireyin hayat\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck yeri olan iki \u00f6nemli kavramd\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla sadece finans ile ilgilenenlerin de\u011fil herkesin finansal hayat\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in ve finansal \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in finansal okuryazarl\u0131k konusunda bilgi sahibi olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Finansal okuryazarl\u0131k kavram\u0131 hayat\u0131m\u0131za ilk kez 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda girmi\u015ftir ve \u015fu anda hem ki\u015filer hem de \u00fclkeler i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir yere sahiptir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12,19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1458","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-genel","category-yazilar"],"yoast_head":"\n